Crystal Symmetry Different methods for the determination of structure of crystals, Structures of the metallic elements and certain compounds with three dimensional lattices, Defects in solid, Structures of Si, Ge, N, and P. Chemical Bonding Valence bond theory, Molecular orbital theory, Metallic bonding, Theory of resonance. Electrochemistry Electrolytic Solution, Nernst theory of electrode potential, Nernst Equation, Electrode potentials, EMF, Measurement of EMF, Polarization and over potential, Transport number, Electrical double layer, Mechanism of electrode reactions, Lithium ion battery, Ni-battery.